Tuesday, January 24, 2012

Do war stories in sacred texts provide ammunition to dehumanize, demonize the Other?

So I am almost 3/4ths of the way through the Quran, and it has been an exciting journey! I just finished reading Surah 33, called The Confederates.  It tells the story of The Battle of the Trench in Medina in 627.  The Muslims dug a trench to defend Medina from the attack of the Confederates, who were made up of Jews and pagans from various tribes.  Ultimately, the Muslims held off the attacks and Islam rose to prominance in the land.  The Quran reads, "And those of the people of the Book (Jews) who aided them--Allah took them down from their strongholds and cast terror into their hearts, (so that) some you slew, and some you made prisoners" (33:26).  

What strikes me about this story, while I'm sure very inspirational to Muslims, a story where Allah supports them and leads them to victory, is the fact that it may have the unintentional consequence of creating negative views towards those who are non-Muslim. 

Disclaimer: I'm not singling Islam out on this one.  For Jews (Israelites), Exodus tells a similar tale of victory over Egypt and of those in Canaan.  And in Christendom, when Constantine rose to power, Christians were forced to defend the Roman Empire by force against others.  

All three Abrahamic faiths have fought wars against the ancient ancestors of our global family. And these violent battles are part of our sacred texts, part of our traditions and rituals, and many of us incorporate them into our religious identity.  

How then do we avoid dehumanizing, demonizing the objects of these battles who share that background or belief system, who are now our neighbors, coworkers, and friends?

We have a responsibility to interpret these passages, in all three religions, in context.  We have a responsibility to hold in tension the many peaceful and non-violent parts of our religious traditions with these more violent parts.  And we have a responsibility to claim that love, peace, mercy, and non-violence trumps any other part of our scriptures.  We cannot claim these stories of violence in our sacred texts as motivation and justification to enact violence on other parties.  

Most Jews, interpret the exodus of Egypt and conquest into Canaan, through a mythical and symbolic lens of overcoming difficulty, having faith in God, and coming together as a people.  But there are still those in Israel and elsewhere who use these stories as ammunition to promote violence against Palestine, Egypt, and others.  And some Christians support this through their own perverted motivations of establishing the state of Israel to influence the return of Jesus.  

Voices like Gandhi, MLK, and Eboo Patel help us trump these violent stories with loving action. We must be able to separate, as religious followers, the artistic and poetic deep truths of these violent stories (like displaying faith in God in difficult times, overcoming hardship through community, etc), from the actual literal facts of the violence against a people that are different from us.  It is in these more 'mythos'-driven readings that the real beauty and meaning of these stories impacts our lives. 

Posted via email from Advent with Islam: A Presbyterian Chaplain's Journey with the Quran

Monday, January 16, 2012

I wish Barack Obama actually were a Muslim.

So as I was reading the Quran today, reading about peace and charity, I began to day dream, admiring the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.  The US celebrates his life by observing a federal holiday which marks the anniversary of his birthday.  That day is today. Happy MLK day everybody! 

And then I jumped to a really unique thought: I wish Barack Obama actually were a Muslim.  We all remember the untrue rumors claiming that Obama is Muslim (Obama's grandfather converted to Islam but Obama's father was an atheist and Obama is Christian).  Unfortunately, these in-my-opinion-racist-fueled attacks are reminders that MLK's vision and work is not done.  These attacks also symbolize how religiously intolerant America is (off the charts bigoted) and how much work we need to do so that religious equality actually exists.  So what if Barack Obama were a Muslim? Why would that be so negative?  Shouldn't that be a positive thing?  Don't we celebrate diversity in America?  Wouldn't Barack's Muslim faith enable him to better connect with those around the world?  Wouldn't it give him a unique insight into our country, our situation, and better suit him to lead us?

I think it is bullshit that the simple fact of calling Barack Obama Muslim is equivalent to an insult in America.  If we were not such bigots, then that claim would have no negative fuel, no mojo, no power.  But it did have that power.  And since it had so much negative thwart, we must get off our butts and get in gear, working to create a vision of equality that was voiced by MLK decades ago. We need to change America into a place were being Muslim is celebrated, were it would be possible for Obama to be Muslim.  

America needs to elect a Muslim president (and a female president, and a gay president, etc.), just as we elected a black president.  

And as I was thinking about how extraordinarily courageous MLK was, how he engaged in interfaith cooperation in the civil rights movement, working with, dialoging with, and critiquing Malcolm X, a Muslim, I realized that MLK would have definitely voted for a Muslim president if the best candidate happened to follow Islam.  It seems that religious intolerance and bigotry today, especially Islamophobia, is parallel to Jim Crow and the civil rights movement that MLK mobilized.  It is logical to see the connection between MLK's work and Obama's election as president, as the civil rights movement paved the way for a black person to be in the oval office.

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But then who is the great advocate for interfaith cooperation?  Who is the great leader standing up for Muslims, fighting for equal rights andf treatment?  Who will stand against Islamophobes so that our great country will finally elect Muslim president?  Eboo Patel (check out his social justice non-profit ifyc.org) may be America's most-effective figure to fight against Islamophobia.   As a Muslim, he is trying to create a intefaith cooperation movement where we set aside our religious differences and work together to improve our communities.  If only more people would listen to him...  Or maybe we should actually just listen to our president, instead of making bigoted claims that he is Muslim...  Take it away Mr. Obama...

Posted via email from Advent with Islam: A Presbyterian Chaplain's Journey with the Quran

Sunday, January 15, 2012

The Pilgrimage

In reading Surah 22, I found my imagination trying to comprehend the Hajj, or pilgrimage.  The photos I've seen, the accounts I've heard, I'm sure, do not paint the complete picture of the experience.  The Hajj is the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca, where the Ka'ba is located.  The Ka'ba is the first sacred house of worship built by Abraham in response to God's instruction.  Every year, hundreds of thousands of Muslims (there were 1.8 million in 2010) worship in Mecca and Medina for the Hajj.  It's the fifth pillar of Islam, which must be carried out once in one's life as a Muslim.  

220px-al-haram_mosque_-_flickr_-_al_jazeera_english

And honestly, I'm jealous that Christians do not have a parallel tradition or custom.  Sure, we have holy sites like the church of the Holy Selpuchre (the pictures are Jesus' 'grave-cave' and the place where he was taken down from the cross)

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And we have the Hagia Sophia which was the patriarchal cathedral of Constantinople (the center of the Christian world) from 360-1453 when the Ottomon Turks conquered Turkey and converted it into a mosque.  

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Sure the Christian faith has smaller, denominationally pilgrimages like Chimayo in New Mexico for American Roman Catholics, or maybe the Vatican.  But we don't have an organized, large scale, specified pilgrimage event like the Muslims do.  I wish we did. How amazing would it be to gather together with millions of diverse people from around the world to share stories of faith and celebrate life and religion?  I'm actually tempted to try to attend the Hajj, just to share in the experience, build bridges between the communities, and yes, selfishly satiate my wanderlust.

The only similar event, on a secular level, I have been a part of is the world cup where millions of people from all over the world come together around a common love of soccer, sharing stories and celebrating life. I've attended two: USA in 1994 and Germany in 2006.  The coming together of a diversity of people proved exhilerating and unforgettable.  Two of the greatest experiences of my life.  I can't imagine how much more transformative a religious pilgrimage like the Hajj would be, pregnant with the meaning and energy of a religious faith.  

I'd love to hear, from you all, my friends, some personal accounts of experiencing the Hajj or other pilgrimages.  Please share, as the first hand accounts are much more poignant than an outsider trying to imagine what its like!

Posted via email from Advent with Islam: A Presbyterian Chaplain's Journey with the Quran

The Pilgrimage

In reading Surah 22, I found my imagination trying to comprehend the Hajj, or pilgrimage.  The photos I've seen, the accounts I've heard, I'm sure, do not paint the complete picture of the experience.  The Hajj is the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca, where the Ka'ba is located.  The Ka'ba is the first sacred house of worship built by Abraham in response to God's instruction.  Every year, hundreds of thousands of Muslims (there were 1.8 million in 2010) worship in Mecca and Medina for the Hajj.  It's the fifth pillar of Islam, which must be carried out once in one's life as a Muslim.  

220px-al-haram_mosque_-_flickr_-_al_jazeera_english

And honestly, I'm jealous that Christians do not have a parallel tradition or custom.  Sure, we have holy sites like the church of the Holy Selpuchre (the pictures are Jesus' 'grave-cave' and the place where he was taken down from the cross)

N89600836_30217660_6043
N89600836_30217661_6356
And we have the Hagia Sophia which was the patriarchal cathedral of Constantinople (the center of the Christian world) from 360-1453 when the Ottomon Turks conquered Turkey and converted it into a mosque.  

185376_1858353903263_1373352270_1555780_6471982_a
Sure the Christian faith has smaller, denominationally pilgrimages like Chimayo in New Mexico for American Roman Catholics, or maybe the Vatican.  But we don't have an organized, large scale, specified pilgrimage event like the Muslims do.  I wish we did. How amazing would it be to gather together with millions of diverse people from around the world to share stories of faith and celebrate life and religion?  I'm actually tempted to try to attend the Hajj, just to share in the experience, build bridges between the communities, and yes, selfishly satiate my wanderlust.

The only similar event, on a secular level, I have been a part of is the world cup where millions of people from all over the world come together around a common love of soccer, sharing stories and celebrating life. I've attended two: USA in 1994 and Germany in 2006.  The coming together of a diversity of people proved exhilerating and unforgettable.  Two of the greatest experiences of my life.  I can't imagine how much more transformative a religious pilgrimage like the Hajj would be, pregnant with the meaning and energy of a religious faith.  

I'd love to hear, from you all, my friends, some personal accounts of experiencing the Hajj or other pilgrimages.  Please share, as the first hand accounts are much more poignant than an outsider trying to imagine what its like!

Posted via email from Advent with Islam: A Presbyterian Chaplain's Journey with the Quran

Saturday, January 7, 2012

Maryam: The Birth of Jesus

In Sura 19, a virgin Maryam, after a visitation of an angel, births Jesus, who, as a newborn baby speaks great words of wisdom (see below).  I just love the idea of an infant Jesus, claiming his role as prophet, and proclaiming that he will be resurrected after he dies.  Jesus was a badass baby!

While Islam doesn't believe Jesus was God, they must believe that prophets like Jesus are not quite normal people, as Jesus was born from a virgin and spoke when he was an infant, which is impossible for normal humans.  So God must have intervened. 

I'd love to hear more from my Muslim friends about this birth narrative.  I find it very interesting and inspiring to read about the birth of Jesus in the Quran, from another perspective.  It adds complexity and power to the story of Jesus to have another account.  It also deepens my faith.  And while I tend to see Jesus as more of a human prophet than fully God which would align more with Muslims, Jesus is, for me, the paradigm prophet, and is effectively God in the praxis of my faith.  So while I am closer in Christology to Muslims, I still fall somewhere in between the Muslim view of human prophet and the traditional Christian view of fully God, fully human.  It may not be that Jesus' was essentially different than any other prophets for me, but the difference lies, in that, the epicenter or focus of my faith is Jesus.

Enjoy the Muslim art below as well.  

[19:29] She pointed to him. They said, "How can we talk with an infant in the crib?"

[19:30] (The infant spoke and) said, "I am a servant of GOD. He has given me the scripture, and has appointed me a prophet.

[19:31] "He made me blessed wherever I go, and enjoined me to observe the Contact Prayers (Salat) and the obligatory charity (Zakat) for as long as I live.

[19:32] "I am to honor my mother; He did not make me a disobedient rebel.

[19:33] "And peace be upon me the day I was born, the day I die, and the day I get resurrected."

 

Posted via email from Chaplain Jake Hofmeister

Friday, January 6, 2012

Praying the Al-Fatiha at a Catholic Hospital and The Seven Sleepers

So I've done two things blog-worthy today.  And yes I know advent is over, but I'm not done yet...and I hope you aren't done reading it.  I guess, for me, one month was too short of time to read through, reflect, and dialogue about the Quran. So back to the two blog-worthy things...

One: I read "The Opening" Surah (Al-Fatiha) over the loudspeaker which is broadcast over the entire Catholic hospital.

Two: I began reading the Quran again, after a holiday, work, and travel hiatus.  The Sura, "The Cave," caught my attention, and I learned that it is a story shared by the Christian and Muslim traditions.  Up to today, I was unaware of this story, also sometimes called "The Seven Sleepers."

So about reading the Quran over the loudspeaker:  I guess I was just feeling interfaithy today (I like that phrase, feeling interfaithy...maybe there's a book or blog title in there somewhere).  And I was thinking about the Muslim patients and doctors and nurses and other staff who have listened to countless Judeo-Christian prayers read day after day by the spiritual care department including myself.  I had written that I will read Muslim prayer/scripture over the intercom system in an earlier blog post, but I hadn't gotten up the courage until tonight.  I was worried about what the Christians would think, after all this is a Catholic hospital.  I was worried about getting complaints, even being reprimanded by my supervisor.  Then I realized that I was letting the fear of an Islamaphobic or anti-anything-other-than-Christian, bigotted reponse stop me from doing my job, from living into my call, as a chaplain of everyone in this hospital.  I have as much of a responsibility to the non-Christians as to the Christians as a member of the Spiritual Care Department of this Catholic hospital.  While this hospital does have Roman Catholic roots and all the Chaplains are Christian, we need to minister to those that are different: Jews, Atheists, Buddhists, Muslims, etc.  

So I went up to the microphone with the Quran in my hand, shaking a little bit as I thought about what I was about to do (partly shaking due to the risk I was taking, partly shaking due to thinking how this might impact a Muslim patient as I read it).  So I read the Al-Fatiha, which is the first Surah of the Quran.  It is recited many times daily by Muslims during their daily prayers.  It was a powerful experience, so much so, that the phone operator, who was listening beside me yelled out, "WOW!" 

I'm not sure if she knew it was from the Quran or not.  She may have just been inspired by the words.  But her "WOW" summed up the experience for me and confirmed the importance of including everyone in the hospital setting.  If we just make that effort to reach out to those that may often be forgotten, to give a voice to the voiceless, or in this case give a prayer to the prayerless, our ministry and effectiveness is broadened and enriched.  Maybe, next time, I will ask a Muslim employee to pray over the intercom to offer a more authentic prayer experience for the patients.  And I'd love to hear other suggestions as well.

After I prayed, I enjoyed my dinner over the 18th Surah, "The Cave."  It told the story of Seven Men (or possibly less) and a dog falling asleep in a cave for 300 or 309 years (the Christian version says 150-200) and awaking not knowing how long they were asleep, thinking it has only been a day or so.  Mohammad recalled the details of this story and revealed the mysteries therein to prove to the Jewish Elders of Medina and to his followers that he was indeed the prophet of God.  You can read the story below.  I love the inclusion of the dog in the Islamic version, keeping watch at the cave the entire 300 year duration.  But in both versions, this story points to the power of God, the hope of the resurrection, the perseverance of faith, and the truth of revelation.  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Sleepers

[18:7] We have adorned everything on earth, in order to test them, and thus distinguish those among them who work righteousness. [18:8] Inevitably, we will wipe out everything on it, leaving it completely barren. [18:9] Why else do you think we are telling you about the people of the cave, and the numbers connected with them? They are among our wondrous signs. [18:10] When the youths took refuge in the cave, they said, "Oh Our Lord, shower us with Your mercy, and bless our affairs with Your guidance." [18:11] We then sealed their ears in the cave for a predetermined number of years. [18:12] Then we resurrected them to see which of the two parties could count the duration of their stay therein. [18:13] We narrate to you their history truthfully. They were youths who believed in their Lord, and we increased them in their guidance. [18:14] We strengthened their hearts when they stood up and proclaimed: "Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We will never worship any other god beside Him. Otherwise, we would be far astray". [18:15] "Here are our people setting up gods besides Him. If only they could provide any proof to support their stand! Who is more evil than the one who fabricates lies and attributes them to God?" [18:16] [They said to each other:] "Since you wish to avoid them, and their worshiping of other than God, let us take refuge in the cave. May your Lord shower you with His mercy and direct you to the right decision." [18:17] And you could see the sun when it rose coming from the right side of their cave, and when it set, it shone on them from the left, as they slept in the hollow thereof. This is one of God's portents. Whomever God guides is the truly guided one, and whomever He sends astray, you will not find for him a guiding teacher. [18:18] You would think that they were awake, when they were in fact asleep. We turned them to the right side and the left side, while their dog stretched his arms in their midst. Had you looked at them, you would have fled from them, stricken with terror. [18:19] When we resurrected them, they asked each other, "How long have you been here?" "We have been here one day or part of the day," they answered. "Your Lord knows best how long we stayed here, so let us send one of us with this money to the city. Let him fetch the cleanest food, and buy some for us. Let him keep a low profile, and attract no attention." [18:20] "If they discover you, they will stone you, or force you to revert to their religion, then you can never succeed." [18:21] We caused them to be discovered, to let everyone know that God's promise is true, and to remove all doubt concerning the end of the world. The people then disputed among themselves regarding them. Some said, "Let us build a building around them." Their Lord is the best Knower about them. Those who prevailed said, "We will build a place of worship around them." [18:22] Some would say, "They were three; their dog being the fourth," while others would say, "Five; the sixth being their dog," as they guessed. Others said, "Seven," and the eighth was their dog. Say, "My Lord is the best Knower of their number." Only a few knew the correct number. Therefore, do not argue with them; just go along with them. You need not consult anyone about this. [18:23] And do not not say: "I will do this tomorrow", [18:24] without saying, "if God Wills." And, if you forget to do this, you must immediately remember your Lord and say, "May my Lord guide me to do better next time." [18:25] They stayed in their cave three hundred years, increased by nine. [18:26] Say [To them], "God is the best Knower of how long they stayed there." He knows all secrets in the Heavens and the earth. By His grace you can see; by His grace you can hear. There is none beside Him as Lord and Master, and He never permits any partners to share in His kingship."

Posted via email from Advent with Islam: A Presbyterian Chaplain's Journey with the Quran